The 6 Best Glutamine Supplements On the Market (2023 Update)

Glutamine is an amino acid — a building block for protein — that performs a job in a number of bodily features. L-Glutamine, the sort present in complement kind, performs a big function in transporting nitrogen between organs. (1) Some proof means that glutamine helps keep a wholesome immune system and positively impacts the gut microbiome (learn: intestine well being). (2)(3)(4) There are additionally indications that glutamine aids post-workout restoration. (5)

Whereas the human physique does produce glutamine, additionally it is accessible in a wide range of meals sources. Individuals who eat a wide variety of foods are probably getting an satisfactory quantity of this amino acid every day. Nevertheless, glutamine is mostly available in meat, animal merchandise, and tofu. So anybody following a vegan or vegetarian diet who can be soy-free could contemplate a glutamine complement to bolster their consumption. We’ve compiled an inventory of one of the best glutamine dietary supplements available on the market that can assist you determine which of those is the proper product to your objectives and wishes.

Greatest Glutamine

Editor’s observe: The content material on BarBend is supposed to be informative in nature, however it shouldn’t be taken as medical recommendation. The opinions and articles on this web site aren’t meant to diagnose, stop, and/or deal with well being issues. It’s at all times a good suggestion to speak to your physician earlier than starting a brand new health, dietary, and/or complement routine. 

Greatest Glutamine Complement

The most effective glutamine complement is obvious micronized glutamine with not one of the nonsense. Swolverine comprises no further components, which makes it straightforward so as to add to your complement routine. 

Swolverine L-Glutamine

This glutamine complement is an easy product that comprises nothing past micronized glutamine powder in each scoop. Every single-scoop serving of this complement offers 5 grams of l-glutamine. Micronized glutamine has been damaged all the way down to doubtlessly make it extra simply digestible. Every 300-gram container offers 60 servings and contains no further components.

Swolverine L-Glutamine

Every single-scoop serving of this complement offers 5 grams of micronized l-glutamine. Every 500-gram container offers 100 servings of this unflavored powder, and contains no further components.

It’s also possible to subscribe in case you don’t wish to have to consider replenishing your inventory on time. The powder is unflavored — you may merely combine this powder into your favourite beverage, and devour it as much as 3 times per day. Swolverine suggests one scoop earlier than and after your exercise. At $0.66 per serving, this is a little more costly than a few of our different picks, however the excessive dose and pure formulation make it value the additional $0.30 cents or so per serving, in our opinion.

Who Ought to Purchase Swolverine L-Glutamine

• Individuals who need a easy glutamine complement — that is about so simple as it will get. 
• In the event you’re searching for a strong 5g dose of glutamine, this complement offers that. 
• Anybody who desires a micronized type of glutamine for doubtlessly higher digestion will like this formulation.

Who Shouldn’t Purchase Swolverine L-Glutamine

• Individuals who would favor taking a capsule instead of a powder won’t wish to scoop this powder into their drink.
• In the event you don’t thoughts powders however need yours to have a taste, you would possibly favor to get your glutamine elsewhere, as this product is flavor-free. 

If you would like a simple glutamine complement, look no additional than Swolverine L-Glutamine. It’s pure micronized l-glutamine with none further components, so that you’ll be getting precisely what you want with none surprises.

[Related: Could Baking Soda Be The Best Workout Supplement You’ve Never Tried?]

Greatest Glutamine Powder

When a part of your early morning routine is plopping a scoop of your favorite supplements into your water or shake, you need a powder that doesn’t complicate issues. Onnit L-Glutamine comprises 5 grams of glutamine per serving with none added components.

Onnit L-Glutamine

Every tub of Onnit L-Glutamine powder comprises 60 servings that every present 5 grams of l-glutamine. There aren’t any further components except for the l-glutamine, and the powder is dairy free, soy free, and vegan. It additionally sports activities a candy price ticket of $0.36, making it one of many extra fairly priced choices on our listing. 

Onnit L-Glutamine

Only one scoop of Onnit L-Glutamine comprises 5,000mg of L-glutamine with none components, fillers, or synthetic flavors. It’s additionally examined for banned substances by Knowledgeable Sport, so it’s competition-safe.

One of many largest benefits of an excellent complement powder is you could combine it in along with your daily hydration. This unflavored powder is simple to mix with water, or any beverage you could favor. As a result of this powder is unflavored, it shouldn’t change the flavour of your beverage, making it a straightforward add to your every day routine. 

Who Ought to Purchase Onnit L-Glutamine

• People who prioritize dietary supplements that don’t have any further components will like that this complement solely comprises l-glutamine. 
• Anybody who’s searching for an unflavored powder they will combine with their water with out altering its style will recognize the flavor-free vibe of this powder.
• Patrons on a finances. This supp is $0.36 per serving making it one in every of our cheaper choices. 

Who Shouldn’t Purchase Onnit L-Glutamine

• For these days if you need a tasty, flavored powder, you’ll wish to look elsewhere — this product is unflavored.
• Those that could favor the comfort of a capsule can discover glutamine capsules on the market.

Onnit L-Glutamine is an easy glutamine complement that packs 5g of l-glutamine per serving. It’s probably to not gunk up your morning hydration as a result of it may dissolve shortly, making it ultimate so as to add to water, stack with different supps, and even mix with a shake.

[Related: Intermittent Fasting 101: A Guide To Benefits, Muscle Gain, And More]

Greatest Glutamine Complement for Stacking

Taking a couple of supp directly? In the event you’re stacking, you might have considered trying a glutamine complement that may play properly with others — Onnit L-Glutamine is a strong choice that may match that invoice.

Onnit L-Glutamine

Bodybuilders and different athletes seeking to make severe beneficial properties in a brief period of time would possibly flip to stacking — that’s, taking quite a few dietary supplements in a single cycle to maximise your diet. Stacks would possibly embrace pre-workout, protein, and post-workout dietary supplements. And in case you’re actually seeking to up your stack sport, Onnit L-Glutamine can spherical it out for you. Onnit L-Glutamine is simply glutamine, nothing else. Every container comes with 60 servings, with 5 grams per serving — that’s 5,000mg of pure L-glutamine every time you scoop. 

Onnit L-Glutamine

Only one scoop of Onnit L-Glutamine comprises 5,000mg of L-glutamine with none components, fillers, or synthetic flavors. It’s additionally examined for banned substances by Knowledgeable Sport, so it’s competition-safe.

If you’re stacking, you wish to be as positive as you may concerning the high quality of what you’re taking so none of your supps work together negatively with one another. That’s what makes Onnit L-Glutamine such a good selection so as to add to your subsequent stack: Third-party testing program Knowledgeable Sport assessments this product for banned substances. That approach, you may add this powder to your water or protein shake assured that it solely comprises what it says on the bathtub.

Who Ought to Purchase Onnit L-Glutamine

• Bodybuilders who’re stacking their supps will love that this powder can dissolve virtually immediately upon mixing it into water or a shake.
• Athletes who wish to ensure that all their dietary supplements are competition-safe will like that this product is examined for banned substances by the third-party program Knowledgeable Sport.
• If you would like a product that doesn’t have any synthetic flavors, sugars, or different components, this product is all glutamine, on a regular basis.

Who Shouldn’t Purchase Onnit L-Glutamine

• If you want a product to have a little bit extra bang to your buck, this product comprises 60 servings per container — which is a bit lower than you will discover elsewhere.
• In search of a flavored powder to up the style stage of your water? You would possibly wish to have a look at different choices, as this glutamine powder doesn’t have added flavors.

If you’re searching for a glutamine complement so as to add to your complement stack, Onnit L-Glutamine is a great addition. It doesn’t have any components or further flavorings — simply 5 grams of glutamine to kick your routine up a notch. 

Greatest BCAA Glutamine Complement

If you’re on the hunt for a flavored glutamine complement that additionally packs a punch within the BCAA (branched-chain amino acid) division, Clear Labs BCAA Glutamine is the best way to go.

Clear Labs BCAA Glutamine

This glutamine complement offers 5 grams of L-Glutamine per single-scoop serving. Every serving additionally comprises eight grams of BCAAs, that are different amino acids that may doubtlessly help boost muscle growth. Every serving offers a 2:1:1 ratio of leucine, isoleucine and valine, coming in at 4 grams of L-Leucine, two grams of L-Isoleucine, and two grams of L-Valine. These are the three amino acids that make up BCAAs, and that is usually thought-about the gold normal of BCAA complement ratios.

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Clear Labs BCAA Glutamine

This glutamine complement is gluten-free, non-GMO, and freed from synthetic preservatives. Every container offers 30 servings that comprise 5000 milligrams of L-Glutamine and 1,535 milligrams of Vitamin C.

Clear Labs additionally comprises one gram of coconut water powder and 1,535 milligrams of Vitamin C. Further components embrace citric acid, pure taste, and stevia. A notable distinction in comparison with many different aggressive choices available on the market is that Clear Labs’ glutamine complement comprises 10 calories per serving and two grams of carbohydrates. There are 5 flavors accessible: Bitter Inexperienced Apple, Tropical Punch, Strawberry Lemonade, Blue Raspberry, and Orange It’s value noting that is one in every of our costlier picks at about $1.33 per serving.

Who Ought to Purchase Clear Labs BCAA Glutamine

• If you’re seeking to mix your BCAA and glutamine complement, this product provides 5 grams of glutamine mixed with an eight-gram 2:1:1 ratio of leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
• In the event you’re hungering for a lift to your style buds with out synthetic flavorings, this product provides 5 completely different berry- and fruit-inspired flavors.
• Athletes who are inclined to run low on vitamin C will recognize the 1.5 grams of this vitamin in every serving.

Who Shouldn’t Purchase Clear Labs BCAA Glutamine

• In the event you’re looking for glutamine on a budget, this product is a bit expensive in comparison with others available on the market with a price ticket of about $1.33 per serving.
• People who would moderately have a complement with extra servings per container would possibly wish to look elsewhere, as every container of this product solely comprises 30 servings.
• Athletes who need to keep away from any further energy or carbs ought to know that this glutamine complement comprises 10 energy and two grams of carbohydrates per serving.

[Related: The Best Types Of Supplements For Performance, Weight Loss, And Health]

In the event you’re seeking to mix your BCAA complement along with your glutamine complement, you don’t want to look any additional than Clear Labs BCAA Glutamine. It boasts the usual BCAA ratio and offers the 5 grams of glutamine you’re searching for.

Greatest N-Acetyl Glutamine

When gut health is a selected precedence of yours, you would possibly wish to up your consumption of N-acetyl glutamine, which is an analog of your typical L-glutamine that could be extra simply digested. Bulk Dietary supplements N-Acetyl L-Glutamine present 500 milligrams of N-acetyl L-glutamine with out components, sugar, soy, or gluten.

Bulk Dietary supplements N-Acetyl L-Glutamine

In the event you’re particularly focused on your intestinal well being — which is expounded to your immune well being and might help make your physique extra resilient in opposition to sickness — you would possibly wish to take a look at N-acetyl glutamine. This acetylated model of L-glutamine reacted with acetic acid, which may change the operate of the amino acid. Within the case of N-acetyl glutamine, analysis means that this model may be much more simply digested in your intestines than common L-glutamine. (6) 

BulkSupplements N-Acetyl L-Glutamine

This glutamine complement offers 200 servings of 500 milligrams of N-Acetyl L-Glutamine. There aren’t any different added components and it is freed from soy, gluten, dairy, yeast, and sugar.

Freed from any added components, every serving of Bulk Dietary supplements N-Acetyl L-Glutamine offers 500 milligrams of N-acetyl L-glutamine. Like most of what Bulks Dietary supplements produces, this product doesn’t have any soy, dairy, yeast, sugar, components, or gluten. It’s third-party examined for purity, manufactured to cGMP requirements, and lab-verified. Every 250 gram bag comprises 500 servings, so it’s sure to final you a very long time, even in case you use it greater than as soon as every day.

Who Ought to Purchase Bulk Dietary supplements N-Acetyl L-Glutamine

• In the event you’ve been wanting particularly for N-acetyl L-glutamine, your search can finish with this product, which comprises 500 milligrams of this acetylated analog. 
• Individuals who need a product that has been third-party examined for purity and meets cGMP requirements will like this supp.
• Athletes who’re involved about price will like that with 500 servings per bag, this product takes your greenback a good distance.

Who Shouldn’t Purchase Bulk Dietary supplements N-Acetyl L-Glutamine

• Athletes who would moderately have an L-glutamine complement can discover loads of different options.
• If you would like the next dose of glutamine, you could wish to look elsewhere as this product solely comprises 500 milligrams per serving.
• Since N-acetyl L-glutamine is created from a response with acetic acid, some prospects could discover a slight style of vinegar, which can deter some of us.

In the event you’re dialed in in your intestine well being and searching for a glutamine complement, you would possibly wish to add some N-acetyl L-glutamine into your routine. Bulk Dietary supplements N-Acetyl L-Glutamine will present 500 milligrams per serving — and at 500 servings per bag, this provide will go a good distance.

Greatest Glutamine Capsules

Lots of people wish to take their dietary supplements in powder kind — however if you wish to keep away from a doubtlessly chalky shake, glutamine capsules may be for you. Now Dietary supplements L-Glutamine is vegan, kosher, halal, and non-GMO.

Now Dietary supplements L-Glutamine

It may be robust to seek out complement capsules which can be suitable with vegan and vegetarian diets and are halal, kosher, and non-GMO. However Now Dietary supplements L-Glutamine capsules examine all of these packing containers. In addition they present 500 milligrams of L-Glutamine, and different components embrace rice flour, cellulose, and magnesium stearate. The formulation is Free of sugar, salt, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, soy, milk, egg, shellfish, and preservatives, so this supp can examine loads of dietary necessities. 

Now Dietary supplements L-Glutamine

This complement is on the inexpensive finish of the market, is vegan-friendly, halal, kosher, and non-GMO. Plus, it’s produced in a Good Manufacturing Practices facility.

The capsules are product of cellulose moderately than gelatin and are flavorless. They measure about three-quarters of an inch lengthy, nonetheless, so in case you’re not a fan of enormous capsules, these could also be arduous to swallow. Now Dietary supplements produces these capsules in a Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) facility (GMP-certified), which means that they’re inspected for high quality throughout each step of producing.

Who Ought to Purchase Now Dietary supplements L-Glutamine

• In the event you’re vegan or vegetarian, and/or preserve kosher or halal, these glutamine capsules are product of plant-based cellulose, not gelatin.
• When your finances is a bit tighter otherwise you wish to purchase in bulk, these dietary supplements are a strong choice, as they comprise 120 servings per container.
• Individuals who worth merchandise which can be GMP-certified will love the certification that these capsules have.

Who Shouldn’t Purchase Now Dietary supplements L-Glutamine

• Athletes who need a larger dose of glutamine than 500 milligrams per serving can discover bigger doses elsewhere on this listing.
• In the event you like taking your dietary supplements in powder kind, these capsules won’t be for you.

If you’d favor your glutamine complement in capsule kind, Now Dietary supplements L-Glutamine comprises 500 milligrams per serving. These capsules are plant-based and are kosher and halal, which may be much less frequent for capsules.

[Related: Best Macros Calculator For Tracking Muscle Gain And Fat Loss]

Totally different Kinds of Glutamine

Glutamine is available in many kinds — whether or not you’re getting it out of your weight loss program or dietary supplements, understanding a little bit bit about what sorts of glutamine are on the market might help you make knowledgeable choices.

L-Glutamine

L-glutamine is the kind of this amino acid that your physique produces by itself which means it’s labeled as a nonessential amino acid. That is probably the most plentiful amino acid usually present in your blood, and it’s the type of glutamine that’s used to help your immune system, intestine well being, and muscular restoration. It’s additionally the sort that’s present in most glutamine dietary supplements. 

N-Acetyl L-Glutamine

N-acetyl L-glutamine is an acetylated model of L-glutamine. It’s nonetheless L-glutamine, however it’s interacted with acetic acid, which may change its total operate. Analysis means that this model of L-glutamine may be much more simply digested in your intestines than common L-glutamine, which can draw prospects whose objectives focus extra on intestine well being than glutamine’s different potential advantages. (6)

D-Glutamine

D-glutamine seems to be virtually equivalent to L-glutamine, however even tiny structural variations can imply an enormous change in operate. And within the case of D-glutamine, it doesn’t look like it performs a lot of a job in organic features. It’s discovered all through the physique, however it’s a non-essential amino acid. Due to this fact, this type of glutamine isn’t the sort that seems in dietary supplements.

Advantages of Glutamine

Whereas it will not be the complement you flip to particularly for serving to you construct extra muscle mass, glutamine should still play an necessary function in preserving you wholesome sufficient to proceed lifting. It could additionally promote different well being advantages, which you’ll be able to study extra about beneath. 

Immunity

One in all glutamine’s largest roles in your physique is supporting your immune system. If you’re sick or injured, glutamine is likely one of the amino acids that may assist preserve your physique wholesome. (2) Your physique wants an satisfactory quantity of dietary protein to successfully mount any immune responses wanted to keep up your well being, and glutamine can play a key function. Analysis means that your physique wants glutamine available as a way to activate and replicate white blood cells and different immune cells that make it easier to combat damage and an infection. (3) 

Due to its function in supporting the immune system, your physique would possibly break down sources of protein — like muscle — in emergency conditions when it wants further immune help. (7) So in case you’re very sick or critically injured, glutamine dietary supplements can doubtlessly assist your physique keep away from the necessity to break down any muscle mass.

Intestine Well being

Having sufficient glutamine in your weight loss program may additionally assist enhance your intestine well being. Analysis means that this amino acid could play an necessary function in repairing and sustaining the intestine barrier in your physique (which helps stop infections). (4) Glutamine may additionally assist gasoline intestinal cell proliferation, thereby making it a useful amino acid within the prevention and remedy of assorted gastrointestinal illnesses.

Very like preserving your muscle tissue wholesome, preserving the remainder of your physique wholesome — together with your intestine — is essential if you wish to prepare long-term in a wholesome, sustainable style.

Restoration

Glutamine can even assist pace the method of muscle restoration. (5) In the event you’re a bodybuilder seeking to get better higher after heavy lifts, glutamine would possibly assist as a result of L-glutamine supplementation has been discovered to assist create faster recovery of peak torque. In different phrases, after a heavy session, your muscle tissue might be able to return extra shortly to lifting at their most stage of energy and effectivity. The identical research discovered that L-glutamine dietary supplements could assist diminish muscle soreness, which is nice information for anybody hoping to squeeze in an additional coaching session.

How We Selected the Greatest Glutamine

Our high glutamine complement decisions are primarily based on many components, all chosen that can assist you get probably the most out of your diet and dietary supplements. Meaning we included a wide range of completely different sorts of glutamine dietary supplements that we predict are one of the best of their respective classes. An important concerns when selecting the glutamine merchandise on this listing had been the components and purity of these components in addition to the type of glutamine used.

Substances and Purity

We took a have a look at every complement’s label to make sure there aren’t any extraneous or undesirable components. Some producers will embrace components for texture or taste — at any time when that’s the case, we embrace this info to your consideration so that you don’t need to go attempting to find it by yourself.

As with every complement, it’s best to know what you’re placing into your physique. We checked every product for third-party testing for purity and thought of those that had it extra strongly than the choices that didn’t — we’ve additionally indicated when third-party testing is carried out to your comfort.

Type

For some of us, the query of capsule versus powder could come all the way down to a matter of comfort. Whereas powders let you be extra correct about how a lot of a complement you’re ingesting, it might be cumbersome to combine up a drink usually. Alternatively, capsules are typically a bit costlier on a per-gram foundation however could also be extra handy for folk who’re on the go or have a busier morning routine.

Generally tablets aren’t an incredible choice for vegans and vegetarians as many comprise gelatin, so powder could also be preferable (except it’s clearly said that the product is made with vegetarian-friendly capsules). Whereas most glutamine dietary supplements on this listing are in powder kind, we have now included some that produce capsule glutamine dietary supplements if that’s what you’re searching for.

How A lot Does Glutamine Value?

When price, we divided the whole price by the variety of grams in every container to get a way of the price per gram. We then checked what number of servings are included in every container and in contrast that to the worth. For instance, a $20 container that comprises 200 servings goes to stretch your cash so much farther than a $20 container that comprises 100 servings. 

We’ve included each finances and barely costlier choices on this listing to fulfill most value factors for consumers. We selected merchandise which can be round $0.30 cents per serving, and we selected some dietary supplements that price over $1.00 per serving. There are a number of components that can decide value, together with ingredient listing, high quality of components, variety of servings (bulk purchase), and dosage.

[Related: Nutrition For Bulking: 10 Tips For Intelligent Muscle Gain]

What To Take into account Earlier than Shopping for Glutamine

Although L-Glutamine is a naturally occurring amino acid, begin sluggish in case you’re introducing it to your weight loss program through dietary supplements for the primary time. It could be clever to start out with half-sized servings for just a few days to let your physique acclimate to the brand new complement. — and, be sure you examine in with a medical skilled earlier than introducing glutamine to your weight loss program. As well as, listed below are another components to think about earlier than investing in glutamine dietary supplements.

Coaching Objectives

In the event you’re seeking to build a massive amount of muscle, glutamine won’t get you there instantly, because it hasn’t been proven to actually affect hypertrophy. Nevertheless, in case you’re aiming to pack on muscle whereas selling your total immune and intestine well being for sustainable performance, glutamine may be an incredible add-on.

As well as, in case you’re coming back from a serious injury or illness and your coaching purpose is to soundly get again within the sport, glutamine can doubtlessly assist ease you again into your program. Be sure you contemplate your private objectives earlier than deciding if glutamine may very well be a match for you. 

Present Weight-reduction plan

Do you eat loads of beef, tofu, skim milk, or eggs? If sure, chances are high that you’ve a sustainable quantity of glutamine in your weight loss program as it’s. Nevertheless, in case you’re coming off of a extreme damage or sickness, are a vegan reducing again on soy merchandise, or try to cut back dairy in your weight loss program, including a glutamine complement could assist be sure that you’re getting all of the amino acids you want. It’s particularly necessary right here to talk to a physician who can let you know in case you want extra glutamine every day. 

Type and Taste

In the event you hate including powders to your drinks or shakes, glutamine capsules may be your best choice. Alternatively, in case you can’t stand swallowing tablets, you would possibly flip to a powder as an alternative.

In the event you’ve determined you favor glutamine powder, it’s as much as you to decide on whether or not you need it to be flavored or unflavored. There are nice choices for each on this listing, and after a sure level, it’s only a matter of choice.

When Ought to I Take Glutamine?

As a result of glutamine dietary supplements are extra associated to total health and recovery than they’re to quick exercise efficiency, you may embrace your glutamine complement when it matches into your schedule. Which may imply including some glutamine powder to your morning glass of water, or taking a capsule earlier than your exercise.

You may additionally select to scoop some glutamine into your protein shake in case you’re complement stacking. A few of our picks encourage you to take your glutamine in doses all through the day. One model suggests taking one scoop earlier than and one scoop after your exercise. Actually, it’s as much as the consumer to determine what matches greatest for his or her life-style.

Ultimate Phrase

Glutamine dietary supplements may be helpful for individuals who have low ranges of the amino acid of their weight loss program — or for folk who’re recovering from intense accidents or sicknesses. Possibly you’re searching for methods to doubtlessly reduce muscle soreness after a tough exercise or typically bolster your immune system for extra sustainable lifting practices. Both approach, you would possibly profit from glutamine dietary supplements.

When it comes down to selecting which glutamine complement you wish to take, communicate with a physician, contemplate whether or not you need a powder or capsule, weigh your present dietary habits, and think about your coaching objectives. Regardless of your choice, this listing is sure to have an incredible glutamine complement for you.

FAQs

References

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2. Demling RH. Vitamin, anabolism, and the wound therapeutic course of: an outline. Eplasty. 2009;9:e9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642618/.‌
3. Calder PC, Yaqoob P. Glutamine and the immune system. Amino acids. 1999;17(3):227-241. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10582122.
4. Krishna Rao R. Position of Glutamine in Safety of Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junctions. Journal of Epithelial Biology and Pharmacology. 2012;5(1):47-54.
5. ‌Legault Z, Bagnall N, Kimmerly DS. The Affect of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Energy Restoration and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Train. Worldwide journal of sport diet and train metabolism. 2015;25(5):417-426.
6. Arnaud A, Ramírez M, Baxter JH, Angulo AJ. Absorption of enterally administered N-acetyl-l-glutamine versus glutamine in pigs. Scientific Vitamin. 2004 Dec;23(6):1303-12.
7. Mittendorfer B, Gore DC, Herndon DN, Wolfe RR. Accelerated glutamine synthesis in critically sick sufferers can not keep regular intramuscular free glutamine focus. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Vitamin. 1999 Sep-Oct;23(5):243-50; dialogue 250-2.
8. Holecek M. Unintended effects of long-term glutamine supplementation. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Vitamin. 2013 Sep;37(5):607-16.